Kidney is a chief excretory organ. It is a pair of dark red, bean shaped organ placed behind the abdomen, on each side of the vertebral column.The average adult kidney measures about 12 cm in length, 6 cm in width, and 3 cm in thickness.
The outer surface of the kidney is convex and the inner surface is concave and it faces the vertebral column. The right kidney is just lower than that of the left kidney because the right side of the body is occupied by the the liver.
Each kidney is surrounded by a fibrous membrane called capsule. Two ureters join the kidneys with urinary bladder.
Urinary bladder is the temporary storage organ of urine. Urine is expelled through the urethra to the exterior.
Functions of Kidney
1.It excretes nitrogenous wastes [urea]formed as a result of protein metabolism.
2. It helps to maintain the fluid and electrolyte balance of our body.
3. It helps to regulate acid-base balance of blood.
4. It helps to malntain osmotic pressure in blood and tissue.
5.It helps to retain important plasma constituents like glucose, amino acids,etc...........
more to know
Kidney functions are the basis of blood pressure.
There are approximately 1 million nephrons in each kidney. Atleast 450,000 of them must remain functional to ensure survival.
Every minute kidneys receive 1/5 th blood of the cardiac output that is approximately 1.250 liters every minute.
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